UKMC International Conference (UKMC IC) Proceedings

EFFORT TO OVERCOME DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING MATH THROUGH INDIVIDUAL GUIDANCE FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLD STUDENTS

2026-10-17T09:42:58+00:00

This article discusses a case study of a fifth grade student identified by the initial A and an in depth literature review regarding the suspected causes of learning difficulties and possible solutions through individual guidance. The data were obtained through classroom observations and interviews with the homeroom teacher. The findings indicate that A experiences difficulties in following multiplication and division lessons, is easily distracted by surrounding activities, sometimes fails to complete assignments, and requires considerable time to answer mathematics questions. According to the teacher, A can follow several other subjects more effectively, suggesting that the reported difficulties are more apparent in mathematics learning. The literature review suggests that these difficulties may be associated with inconsistent attention and engagement during learning activities, as well as a possible lack of mastery of multiplication and division concepts. These factors may influence A’s ability to understand mathematical material, complete assignments, and respond to questions confidently and efficiently. Based on the identified problems, individual guidance using concrete learning media and gradual exercises is proposed as a relevant approach to support A’s learning process. Concrete media can help make abstract mathematical concepts easier to understand, while gradual exercises can provide opportunities for repeated practice and improved mastery of basic operations. In addition, collaboration between teachers and school counseling staff may support the implementation of short structured exercises, concrete learning materials, positive feedback, and regular progress monitoring. These strategies are proposed as supporting actions rather than confirmed interventions. This article integrates classroom observation findings, the teacher’s perspective, and individual guidance plans within a case description while clearly distinguishing existing evidence from proposed educational actions. The discussion is expected to provide useful insights for addressing mathematics learning difficulties among elementary school students.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS' SERVICE ETHICS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG OLDER ADULTS

2026-10-17T10:26:26+00:00

Purpose this study aims to analyze the relationship between older adults’ perceptions of healthcare service ethics, encompassing autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, and their psychological well-being at Panti Werdha Dharma Bakti KM Seven in Palembang. Design, Methodology, and Approach a quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted between May and June two thousand twenty six. Participants were residents aged sixty to seventy years who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a Service Ethics Questionnaire and the forty two item Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well Being. Following the Shapiro Wilk test, which indicated non-normal data distributions, Spearman Rank correlation analysis was performed at a significance level of zero point zero five. Findings the analysis yielded a significance value of zero point two four zero, a correlation coefficient of rho equal to zero point two zero seven, indicating a very weak positive association, and a coefficient of determination of four point two percent. The findings indicate no statistically significant relationship between older adults’ perceptions of healthcare service ethics and their overall psychological well-being. Research Implications psychological well-being among institutionalized older adults is multidimensional and cannot be explained solely by healthcare service ethics. Future studies should involve larger samples and examine additional factors, including social connectedness, loneliness, family support, functional independence, and spirituality. Practical Implications nursing home administrators and healthcare staff should maintain ethical care standards while promoting social engagement, group activities, peer interactions, and spiritual support to improve residents’ quality of life. Originality and Value: This study contributes evidence to gerontological nursing and bioethics in Indonesia, particularly in Palembang, emphasizing the importance of combining ethical healthcare with comprehensive social and emotional support.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION LEVEL AND PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HEART ATTACKS

2026-10-17T13:36:27+00:00

Purpose A heart attack is a medical emergency requiring symptom recognition and immediate intervention. Public knowledge is essential for identifying warning signs and determining appropriate responses. This study examines the relationship between education level and public knowledge regarding heart attacks. Design Methodology Approach This study uses a quantitative correlational design involving thirty respondents selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Respondent characteristics and knowledge levels were analyzed descriptively, while the relationship between education level and knowledge was examined using Spearman’s rho correlation test. Findings The statistical analysis yielded a significance value of zero point two hundred forty, exceeding zero point zero five, with a correlation coefficient of zero point two hundred seven, indicating a very weak positive association. The coefficient of determination was zero point zero four two, equivalent to four point two percent. The results indicate no statistically significant relationship between education level and public knowledge regarding heart attacks. Research Implications Formal education does not significantly correlate with public knowledge regarding heart attacks. Future research should investigate other factors, including healthcare exposure and media access, using larger and more representative community samples to evaluate cardiovascular health interventions. Practical Implications Healthcare institutions and public health workers should provide continuous education about heart attack symptoms, modifiable risk factors, and emergency responses. Community programs should use accessible materials and practical methods to improve awareness and support timely decision making during cardiac emergencies. Originality Value This study provides empirical evidence from a local Indonesian community, challenging the assumption that higher formal education guarantees cardiovascular literacy. The findings emphasize the importance of assessing community knowledge directly to improve emergency health awareness. Keywords Education Level, Public Knowledge, Heart Attack, Cardiovascular Health, Health Education

TWO-TENSE FRAMEWORK FOR LEARNING ENGLISH TENSE FORMULAS: A ONE-GROUP PRETEST–POSTTEST STUDY

2026-10-18T13:07:27+00:00

Purpose Learning English tense formulas can be challenging for Indonesian learners because English verb forms encode grammatical distinctions that are not expressed in the same way in Indonesian. This study examined whether a constructivist instructional sequence supported by an online visual presentation could improve university students’ mastery of commonly taught sixteen tense formulas. Design Methodology Approach A one group pre experimental pretest posttest design was implemented with twenty eight students enrolled in a university wide English course at Musi Charitas Catholic University. Participants completed an open response test requiring affirmative sentence formulas for sixteen tense patterns. The intervention comprised three class meetings. Initial construction of a sixteen tense framework, explanation through a two tense present and past conceptual distinction, and guided practice. Prezi was used to present the material. Because Shapiro Wilk tests indicated non normal score distributions, pretest and posttest scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Findings The reported mean score increased from eleven point thirty nine with a standard deviation of eleven point seventy three before instruction to ninety eight point ninety three with a standard deviation of two point thirty four after instruction. The Wilcoxon test indicated a statistically significant difference, with a Z value of negative four point six four three and a p value below zero point zero zero one. The reported score distributions also became substantially less dispersed after the intervention. Research Implications The findings are consistent with the proposition that organizing tense formulas through a conceptual framework may support learners’ restructuring of grammatical knowledge. However, the single group design does not isolate the effects of constructivism from those of the digital medium, instruction, or repeated testing. Practical Implications Teachers may adapt the two tense organizing framework and a zoomable visual presentation to make relationships among tense formulas more explicit, while checking whether learners can use the forms in meaningful communication. Originality Value The study provides classroom based evidence from Indonesian university learners for a compact, technology supported approach to organizing tense form knowledge

ECOLOGICAL LITERACY IN EFL READING MATERIALS: A CONTENT-BASED EVALUATION OF SKILLFUL READING AND WRITING

2026-10-19T03:01:06+00:00

Purpose English language textbooks can support ecological literacy even when environmental education is not their primary purpose. This study evaluates how ecological ideas are represented in the reading texts and accompanying learning prompts in Skillful Reading and Writing, a textbook used in a university Critical Reading and Writing course. It addresses the gap between the presence of environmental topics and the extent to which materials encourage ecological understanding and action. A qualitative descriptive document analysis was conducted on twenty readings distributed across ten topic units. Each reading was assessed using five criteria adapted from Rule and Atkinson’s ecological picture-book rubric, namely appreciation of nature, realistic ecological problems, positive tone, appropriate illustrations, and hope for a solution. The mean scores reported in the detailed analysis were four point zero five for appreciation of nature, four point one five for realistic ecological problems, four point nine zero for positive tone, three point five zero for appropriate illustrations, and two point zero zero for hope for a solution. The overall mean across readings was three point seven two. Six readings received the highest average score of four point four, including Fuel of the Sea and Earth’s Final Frontier. The principal weakness was the limited presentation of actionable solutions and explicit conservation-oriented learning prompts. The findings illustrate that general-purpose EFL materials can contain meaningful ecological affordances, but topic presence alone does not guarantee environmental learning. Lecturers can add critical questions, local environmental cases, and small conservation tasks to connect reading comprehension with responsible action. Rather than treating the textbook as an environmental education resource by design, this paper examines how existing language-learning content can be pedagogically reframed to strengthen ecological literacy.

UNDERSTANDING AI DEPENDENCY IN STUDENT LEARNING AND PRACTICAL STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE LEARNING

2026-10-16T13:29:21+00:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a common tool in education because it helps students complete academic tasks more easily and quickly. However, excessive reliance on AI may reduce students’ independent learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. This study aims to examine how AI dependency affects students’ learning processes, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. This study used a systematic literature review method based on the PRISMA framework. Relevant articles were collected from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, ResearchGate, Frontiersin, and ERSJ using keywords related to AI dependency and its effects on student learning. From thirty articles initially identified, twenty-one articles were selected after the screening and eligibility processes, and nineteen articles were analyzed based on the research questions. The findings show that excessive AI dependency may reduce students’ learning engagement, independent thinking, cognitive effort, and academic achievement. It may also weaken students’ ability to analyze information, make decisions, and solve problems independently. However, AI can support learning outcomes and student engagement when used appropriately and with proper guidance. In conclusion, AI should be used as a learning support rather than a replacement for students’ own thinking. Students and teachers should develop AI literacy and encourage responsible AI use to support independent and effective learning. Furthermore, students need to maintain active participation in learning activities and develop their own understanding instead of depending entirely on AI generated answers. Teachers also play an important role in guiding students to evaluate AI generated information critically and use technology responsibly. These efforts can help ensure that AI supports educational development while preserving students’ independent learning abilities and critical thinking skills.

FROM BRAIN ROT TO LEARNING DISRUPTION: SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT AND STUDENTS’ FOCUS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING

2026-10-16T14:06:06+00:00

Social media has become an essential part of students’ daily lives, yet the rising consumption of short form digital content has raised concerns regarding its cognitive impact, which is a phenomenon broadly known as “brain rot”. This study aims to examine how exposure to brain rot content on social media influences students’ focus and affects their English language learning process. Using a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA framework, relevant articles published between two thousand and nineteen and two thousand and twenty six were collected from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. From thirty eight records initially identified, twenty two studies were selected and analyzed following screening and eligibility assessments. Regarding the first research question, the findings show a generally negative relationship between excessive exposure to highly stimulating short form content, social media multitasking, and students’ attention control, leading to reduced concentration and academic distraction. Regarding the second research question, the results reveal a dual effect on English language learning while platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube provide accessible, authentic language input that supports vocabulary, pronunciation, listening, and speaking skills, excessive exposure can fragment students' attention and reduce deep learning capacity. In conclusion, the impact of brain rot content depends heavily on the nature of the content consumed and individual usage patterns. Educators and students are encouraged to use social media purposefully as a supplementary learning tool while managing potential digital distractions.

WHEN STUDENTS CONSULT AI FIRST: REDEFINING THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF LECTURERS IN MODERN HIGHER EDUCATION

2026-10-16T14:10:19+00:00

The increasing use of generative artificial intelligence, or AI, particularly ChatGPT, in higher education has raised questions about how students seek academic assistance and how lecturers should adapt their teaching practices. This literature review examines how students' reliance on AI relates to the changing role of lecturers and how lecturers can respond to students' growing use of these tools. Guided by the PRISMA two thousand twenty reporting framework, the review employed a structured literature search of Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect for peer-reviewed journal articles published between two thousand twenty-three and two thousand twenty-four. Six articles were selected and analyzed using qualitative thematic synthesis. The analysis identified three overarching themes: students' reliance on AI and its implications for lecturers' roles; students' and educators' perceptions of the benefits and challenges of AI-supported learning; and pedagogical, ethical, and institutional strategies for responsible AI integration. The synthesis indicates that AI can provide immediate explanations and support academic tasks, but its use also raises concerns about overreliance, critical evaluation of AI-generated information, academic integrity, assessment validity, and meaningful student to lecturer interaction. These findings suggest that lecturers need to extend their roles beyond knowledge delivery by facilitating critical thinking, guiding ethical AI use, designing assessments that demonstrate students' independent understanding, and maintaining meaningful academic relationships. Lecturers can respond effectively by understanding students' purposes for using AI, establishing transparent guidelines, and integrating AI literacy into learning activities, supported by institutional policies and professional development. However, the reviewed evidence does not establish a direct causal relationship between students asking AI before lecturers and changes in lecturers' roles. The review concludes that effective AI integration depends on pedagogical guidance, critical engagement, and the preservation of meaningful human interaction in higher education.

EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF ENGLISH PODCASTS FOR ENGLISH IDIOMATIC LANGUAGE LEARNING

2026-10-16T14:22:36+00:00

Idiomatic expressions play an important role in English communication; they can be challenging for students, especially English as a Foreign Language or EFL learners, but they are essential to learn. English podcasts may offer learners opportunities to encounter idiomatic expressions in fluent spoken contexts. This systematic literature review examines the importance of idiomatic expressions for English learners, explores the potential of English podcasts to support learners’ understanding of daily English communication, and analyses the benefits of podcasts as a learning medium. This study has collected twenty two selected articles retrieved through searchers of Google Scholars, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, using a systematic selection process guided by the PRISMA two thousand and twenty framework, published between two thousand and twenty andtwo thousand and twenty five. The findings suggest that idiomatic expressions contribute to vocabulary development, communicative skills, and understanding in everyday communication. Podcasts offer authentic language exposure, repeated listening opportunities, and flexible access to learning materials. However, unfamiliar vocabulary, idiomatic meanings, pronunciation, and speaking speed may create comprehension difficulties. The findings also highlight the importance of selecting podcast materials that relate to learners’ ages, interests, English proficiency levels, and learning needs. In conclusion, English podcasts can support idiom learning when paired with appropriate materials and teacher-led instructional strategies. Further research is needed to examine their specific effects on learners’ understanding and use of idiomatic expression in everyday communication.

COGNITIVE BENEFITS OF CHESS ENGAGEMENT: IMPACT ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITIES

2026-10-16T15:07:09+00:00

This review examines whether cognitive skills associated with chess engagement transfer to non-chess cognitive tasks, academic performance, and real-world problem-solving. It addresses two questions: (1) to what extent chess-related executive-function benefits transfer to general cognitive and academic settings, and (2) how effectively chess-related problem-solving applies to decision-making beyond the game. A structured literature review synthesized 15 journal articles published between 2016 and 2026, selected for their relevance to executive functions, working memory, attention, critical thinking, mathematical problem-solving, and decision-related outcomes. The findings were mixed. Some studies reported benefits in specific measures, including working memory, concentration, processing speed, visual perspective-taking, mathematical problem-solving, or risk preferences. However, controlled studies also found no consistent improvement in broad academic achievement or in several cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. Evidence for far transfer to everyday decision-making was particularly limited, while findings from cross-sectional and correlational studies could not establish causal effects. Overall, chess may be a useful supplementary educational activity, especially when instruction explicitly teaches problem-solving strategies that learners can apply in other contexts. Chess engagement alone, however, should not be assumed to improve general cognitive or academic abilities. Further controlled research with follow-up assessments and authentic real-world measures is needed.

CASE STUDY ON ACADEMIC TUTORING: WRITING LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AMONG SECOND-GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

2026-10-16T15:17:19+00:00

This research is a case study of a second-grade student, identified by the initials KGLH, combined with an in depth literature review regarding the potential causes of the student's difficulties and possible solutions within the framework of academic guidance services. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the homeroom teacher, observations of learning activities, and an analysis of the student’s written work. The findings from the interviews and observations indicate that the subject experiences mechanical difficulties in writing, characterized by the incorrect use of capital letters, errors in letter sequencing, illegible handwriting in terms of both form and size, and the omission of periods at the end of sentences. These challenges stem from a tendency to rush and a lack of focus when listening to the teacher's instructions. Proposed solutions for K include: one. providing more opportunities for writing practice, and two. utilizing learning media or methods that help the student recall letters in a more meaningful way. The intervention involves a planned collaboration between the teacher and the parents, incorporating "scaffolding" or gradual support and the use of interactive visual media within both individual and group counseling sessions. Through this synergistic collaboration involving the homeroom teacher, the school counselor, and active support from parents at home it is expected that the writing difficulties experienced by K can be gradually overcome.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WARM WATER AND EPSOM SALT SOAKS FOR LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

2026-10-16T15:52:08+00:00

Uncontrolled hypertension can cause serious complications and organ damage. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of warm water immersion and saltwater immersion in lowering blood pressure among patients with hypertension. This quantitative quasi experimental study used a two group pretest posttest design without a control group. A total of fifty respondents were selected using purposive sampling, with twenty five respondents in each group. Participants were aged nineteen to fifty nine years, diagnosed with hypertension at Padang Selasa Health Center, and willing to participate. Data were collected through door to door visits using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Data analysis included univariate analysis and Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests. Most respondents were over fifty years old. Women accounted for ninety six percent in one group and seventy six percent in the other group. Blood pressure differed significantly before and after warm water immersion and saltwater immersion. However, no significant difference in effectiveness was found between the two interventions. This study contributes to nursing knowledge regarding non pharmacological hypertension management. Comparing both interventions may expand the literature on complementary therapies and clarify whether adding salt provides different effects on blood pressure reduction. For respondents, this study may improve knowledge of warm water and saltwater immersion as complementary approaches to blood pressure control. The research site can serve as an educational resource. For nursing higher education institutions, this study may serve as a scientific reference on non pharmacological hypertension management. For future researchers, it may provide a basis for further studies considering water temperature, water volume, salt quantity, and intervention procedures. Unlike previous studies using table salt, this study uses magnesium containing Epsom salt to compare warm water immersion with saltwater immersion and determine their effectiveness in lowering blood pressure.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RANDOM SNACKING HABITS AND INCIDENCES OF DIARRHEA IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL KIDS

2026-10-18T00:59:42+00:00

This study looks at the connection between snack eating habits and diarrhea in elementary school kids. It's based on how important it is for kids to have safe and hygienic snacking habits to stay healthy. The research used a quantitative approach with a cross sectional design. There were forty fourth grade students from a primary school in Palembang, chosen using total sampling. Data came from questionnaires to check snack eating patterns and diarrhea cases, and then were analyzed descriptively and with a Chi Square test to see the link between the two. The results showed twenty five students sixty two point five percent had good snacking habits, and twenty one students fifty two point five percent didn’t get diarrhea. The Chi Square test results showed a p value of zero point seven four three, so no statistically significant relationship was found between snack consumption patterns and the occurrence of diarrhea among the study respondents. These findings provide information about snack consumption patterns and diarrhea occurrences in school age children and suggest the need to consider other factors, such as food hygiene, sanitation, and handwashing habits, in future research. Practically, education about choosing safe snacks and practicing clean and healthy living habits needs to be continuously promoted through the involvement of students, parents, and schools. This study provides an empirical picture of the relationship between snack consumption patterns and diarrhea occurrences in the context of elementary school students.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION FREQUENCY AND MENSTRUAL PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS

2026-10-18T10:19:02+00:00

Physical discomfort during menstruation is a reproductive health issue frequently experienced by adolescent girls and can disrupt both daily and academic activities. High consumption of fast food, which is rich in saturated fats and low in fiber, is theoretically understood to trigger an increase in prostaglandin levels, thereby exacerbating physical discomfort during menstruation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between fast food consumption frequency and physical discomfort levels during menstruation among female adolescents. This quantitative study with a correlational design involved fifty eleventh-grade female students selected through a quota sampling technique. The results of this study showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between fast food consumption frequency and physical discomfort levels during menstruation among female adolescents open parenthesis p equals zero point two three eight semicolon r equals zero point one six six close parenthesis. The originality and value of this study lie in Indonesia, challenging the common generalization that fast food is a direct primary trigger for menstrual physical complaints, thereby emphasizing the need to consider broader multi-factorial lifestyle elements. Practically, healthcare providers and school nurses should adopt a broader health education approach that encompasses holistic lifestyle habits, stress management, and comprehensive nutritional awareness when counseling adolescent girls experiencing menstrual discomfort.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN ASEAN: BOROBUDUR AND DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS

2026-10-16T12:45:26+00:00

Tourism infrastructure across ASEAN is expanding quickly, yet its quality, integration, and distribution of benefits remain uneven. This extended abstract compares how infrastructure is managed in selected ASEAN destinations, using Indonesia’s Super-Priority Destinations, especially Borobudur, as anchor cases and Singapore as the regional benchmark. A qualitative comparative case design is applied to secondary data policy documents, regional strategic plans, academic studies, and teaching materials across five paired cases, which are analysed through three strategic dimensions: sustainable tourism, digital transformation, and destination competitiveness. The findings show that regional leaders excel in intermodal connectivity, data integration, and consistent service standards, whereas Indonesia’s main strengths are its cultural and natural capital and its scale. Indonesia, however, still faces fragmented last-mile connectivity, uneven basic services, limited real-time data, and weak lifecycle financing. Borobudur illustrates both the promise and the risks of rapid investment: new gateways, a relocated trading area, and a single destination management model coexist with social resistance, concentrated benefits, and multi-authority complexity. The study proposes the Integrated Sustainable Tourism Infrastructure or ISTI Model, which links the three dimensions through collaborative governance, lifecycle financing, and an integrated data platform, with periodic evaluation as a feedback loop. Theoretical and policy implications for ASEAN are discussed.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN SEMARANG OLD TOWN AND MELAKA HISTORIC CITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2026-10-16T13:50:57+00:00

Heritage tourism destinations across Southeast Asia face increasing pressure to balance rapid urban modernization and historical preservation with the threats of ecological degradation and over tourism. Despite growing scholarly interest in smart tourism, empirical comparative studies examining how heritage destinations address infrastructure deficits remain scarce. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of sustainable tourism infrastructure and digital transformation between Kota Lama Semarang in Indonesia and Melaka Historic City in Malaysia. Utilizing a qualitative comparative case study design, this research evaluates secondary data obtained from municipal master plans, urban revitalization reports, and scholarly literature indexed in Scopus through cross case thematic synthesis. The findings reveal that Melaka benefits from mature cross sectoral governance and centralized smart tourism frameworks, while Kota Lama Semarang demonstrates rapid progress through public private partnerships, pedestrianization, and localized Internet of Things applications. These developments illustrate different approaches to integrating infrastructure improvements and digital innovation within heritage tourism destinations. To synthesize these outcomes, this study introduces the Comparative Heritage Infrastructure Integration Model, which highlights the synergy required between physical preservation, smart information and communication technology adoption, and collaborative governance. This model emphasizes that sustainable heritage tourism requires coordination between conservation priorities, technological development, and stakeholder participation. This research expands destination management literature by introducing a cross country comparative perspective and offers actionable policy recommendations for emerging nations to optimize heritage conservation, strengthen sustainable tourism infrastructure, improve digital readiness, and address the challenges of urban modernization and increasing visitor demand. The findings are expected to support policymakers and destination managers in developing integrated strategies that preserve historical value while enhancing tourism sustainability and digital competitiveness.

BEYOND PHYSICAL BOUNDARIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE AND DIGITAL TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDONESIA, THAILAND, AND SINGAPORE

2026-10-16T12:45:26+00:00

Sustainable tourism demands infrastructure that is not only physically adequate, but also environmentally friendly and digitally connected. This study compares sustainable tourism infrastructure and digital infrastructure in Indonesia with Thailand and Singapore, and examines the integration of the two. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive comparative design, based on secondary data from policy documents, official statistics, and scientific literature equipped with supporting primary data. The results show that Indonesia has a diversity of natural and cultural resources and a large potential of local communities, but still faces overtourism, development inequalities, weak cross-sector coordination, and gaps in connectivity and human resource capacity. Singapore provides lessons on an integrated digital ecosystem and the association of data center growth with energy efficiency standards, while Thailand shows how investment incentives can be required on energy performance and workforce development. The two dimensions of infrastructure reinforce each other, and their integration is determined by policies, cross-actor collaboration, and community readiness. Based on these findings, this study developed a conceptual model consisting of integration drivers, two infrastructure dimensions, an eco-smart destination layer, outputs, and feedback mechanisms. This model is conceptual and not a formal ranking of the three countries, so its application needs to be adjusted to the characteristics of each destination.

STRENGTHENING ASEAN TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AND DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE: A COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR RESILIENT DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT

2026-10-23T09:48:05+00:00

ASEAN tourism destinations are entering a new phase of recovery and transformation following major disruptions caused by the COVID-nineteen pandemic, climate change, geopolitical uncertainty, and rapid technological advancements. Consequently, tourism infrastructure has evolved from conventional physical support into a strategic system integrating connectivity, sustainability, digital technology, community participation, and resilience. Although ASEAN international visitor arrivals reached approximately one hundred twenty-seven point one million in two thousand twenty-four, persistent disparities in infrastructure capacity and destination competitiveness remain. This study aims to comparatively examine tourism infrastructure management across ASEAN countries across three strategic dimensions: sustainable infrastructure, digital transformation, and destination competitiveness and resilience. Employing a comparative qualitative-descriptive approach, the study analyzes secondary data from official publications, national policies, and international reports through the frameworks of Systems Theory, the Triple Bottom Line, Destination Competitiveness Theory, and eTourism perspectives. The findings indicate varying levels of readiness across ASEAN: Singapore excels in integrated digital infrastructure; Malaysia and Thailand possess strong connectivity; Indonesia, Viet Nam, and the Philippines demonstrate vast potential but face spatial distribution and carrying capacity challenges; while emerging destinations require stronger connectivity and institutional capacity. Ultimately, infrastructure competitiveness must integrate green, digital, connected, inclusive, and resilient elements. To address this, the study proposes the ASEAN Integrated Sustainable-Digital Tourism Infrastructure Model, or ASDTIM, to guide policymakers and regional stakeholders.

GARCH-BASED SECTOR ROTATION ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2026-10-17T07:27:15+00:00

The number of retail investors on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, mostly from younger generations, has grown rapidly, yet many of them still lack a structured, data driven investment strategy. This study aims to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the literature on multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models, specifically Glosten Jagannathan Runkle and dynamic conditional correlation frameworks, for sector rotation strategies and portfolio backtesting on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Industrial Classification sectoral indices. A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses two thousand twenty protocol. Records were retrieved from Semantic Scholar through Publish or Perish, and two hundred sixty two records were screened down to one hundred forty six studies using inclusion and exclusion criteria derived from the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Context framework. Five research questions guided the thematic synthesis. The results show that the leverage effect is consistently present in the Indonesian market and is well captured by the Glosten Jagannathan Runkle framework, that inter sectoral correlations are time varying and strengthen during economic crises, and that active model based strategies tend to outperform standard buy and hold approaches. Crucially, no reviewed study integrates Glosten Jagannathan Runkle models, dynamic conditional correlation frameworks, and a multifactor rotation score into a single walk forward backtesting framework for the eleven sectoral indices. This gap directly guides future research and the practical design of investment information systems that translate complex quantitative outputs into clear, actionable signals for individual investors.

INTEGRATING IT GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS INTO SELF-ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

2026-10-17T07:49:03+00:00

Business continuity increasingly depends on mature IT governance, yet many organizations still rely on external audits to judge whether their governance is adequate. This study reviews the literature on integrating the COBIT twenty nineteen and ITIL version four frameworks into the development of self assessment instruments that support business sustainability. A Systematic Literature Review following Kitchenham's guidelines was conducted. Five keyword strings were searched in Google Scholar through Harzing's Publish or Perish, returning one hundred publications from twenty twenty one to twenty twenty six. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, thirty primary studies were retained and analyzed against four research questions. Thirteen studies addressed framework integration, six of which combined COBIT twenty nineteen and ITIL version four. Two studies conducted COBIT twenty nineteen based self assessments. Eleven studies designed their own assessment instruments, ten based on COBIT twenty nineteen and one on ITIL version four. Four studies linked COBIT twenty nineteen implementation to business sustainability. The findings show that integrating the two frameworks is feasible. COBIT twenty nineteen provides strategic control and compliance, while ITIL version four supplies operational service guidance. A self assessment instrument built on this hybrid approach can serve as a proactive pre audit tool. Future research should develop and validate such an instrument with safeguards against self reporting bias.

COBIT 2019 DSS BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE POINT-OF-SALE SYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2026-10-17T07:58:21+00:00

Food and beverage businesses increasingly depend on Point of Sale systems, yet daily Point of Sale operations are frequently conducted without formal information technology governance. This study reviews how the Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies two thousand nineteen Deliver, Service, and Support domain has been assessed in practice and what it offers for governing Point of Sale operations. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses two thousand twenty protocol, one hundred eighty six records from Google Scholar published between two thousand twenty one and two thousand twenty six were screened, leading to thirty four peer reviewed studies being synthesized. Reported operational risks were organized using Risk and Control Self Assessment logic, linking each identified risk directly to a specific Deliver, Service, and Support control objective. Most assessed organizations currently operate at capability level one, representing performed status, or level two, representing managed status, which falls one to three levels below their target operational capability, while few studies translate assessment results into practical procedures. Three recurring risk clusters emerged: infrastructure failure, security weaknesses, and software and data integrity problems. From these findings, the study derives a comprehensive five pillar standard operating procedure framework covering domain objectives Deliver, Service, and Support zero one through Deliver, Service, and Support zero six. Because only two included studies explicitly focus on food and beverage settings, the framework should be understood as a transferable starting point requiring pilot testing in food and beverage businesses prior to broader operational deployment.

STRATEGIC SAAS LEGAL TECH ALIGNMENT AND SHADOW AI MITIGATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2026-10-17T10:41:56+00:00

Indonesian law firms face a governance duality: manual filing persists while junior lawyers covertly use public generative artificial intelligence, Shadow AI, threatening client confidentiality. This study synthesizes evidence on centralized Software as a Service Legal Tech adoption and identifies alignment mechanisms that mitigate Shadow AI under Indonesia's Personal Data Protection Law Number Twenty Seven of Two Thousand Twenty Two and the Two Thousand Twenty Six AI Guidelines for Advocates of the Indonesian Advocates Association. A systematic literature review following the Kitchenham guidelines and the PRISMA Two Thousand Twenty statement searched five databases for studies published from Two Thousand Twenty Two to Two Thousand Twenty Six. Of Two Hundred Forty Five records, seventeen primary studies met the inclusion and quality criteria and were coded thematically using the Technology Organization Environment framework and the Strategic Alignment Model. Efficiency is the most consistent technological driver, whereas hallucination, data security, and liability are the dominant barriers. Change capacity, staff skills, and partner consensus matter more than capital. Shadow AI reflects functional misalignment between work demands and firm provided information technology, so sanctioned tools mitigate it better than bans. Corporate firms face strategic fit challenges, whereas litigation firms are more exposed to hallucination and Shadow AI risks. The study integrates both theories into a framework with six propositions, positions strategic alignment as a moderator, and identifies five research gaps for partnership structured organizations. Managing partners gain a four stage roadmap: inventory and policy, sanctioned tools selected through vendor due diligence, workflow integration with output verification, and continuous monitoring. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first review to connect Software as a Service Legal Tech adoption, Shadow AI, and Indonesia's post transition data protection regime in a single integrated framework, reframing Shadow AI as an alignment failure rather than merely a disciplinary problem.

VIRTUAL ACCOUNT-BASED DIGITALIZATION OF LOCAL TAX AND RETRIBUTION COLLECTION IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

2026-10-18T08:20:05+00:00

Purpose Indonesian regional governments are required to migrate tax and retribution collection to non cash channels under the Regional Government Transaction Electronification policy, and regional development banks increasingly issue virtual accounts for this purpose. Evidence on whether and how such channels improve local revenue remains fragmented. This review synthesizes that evidence and identifies the conditions under which virtual account based collection is likely to succeed. Design Methodology Approach A systematic literature review following PRISMA two thousand twenty was conducted. A curated full text corpus and literature matrix supplied by the researchers were combined with supplementary Crossref and Google Scholar searches. Of one hundred seventy four records identified, forty nine studies published between two thousand sixteen and two thousand twenty six met the eligibility criteria and were appraised, coded, and synthesized thematically. Findings Five themes emerged fiscal and revenue effects, taxpayer compliance and adoption, channel implementation and last mile barriers, interoperability and institutional capacity, and transparency and accountability. Digital channels are consistently associated with lower compliance costs, faster settlement, and higher revenue realization, but effects depend on system integration, local infrastructure, and cash holding habits. Only one study examined virtual accounts explicitly. Research Implications The review integrates technology acceptance, task technology fit, information systems success, and tax compliance perspectives into a virtual account enabled collection framework with five testable propositions. Practical Implications Local revenue agencies and regional banks should prioritize real time API reconciliation with SIPD, open multi channel virtual account payment, and the involvement of village intermediaries in assisted digital payment. Originality Value This is the first systematic review to focus on virtual account based local tax and retribution collection in the Indonesian ETPD context. As the first phase of a multi phase study, it supplies the constructs, propositions, and design for the authors subsequent empirical research.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GADGET USE INTENSITY WITH STUDENT SLEEP QUALITY

2026-10-23T09:28:51+00:00

Purpose Excessive gadget usage among university students is suspected of adversely affecting their daily sleep patterns and overall sleep quality. Sleep regulation is highly dependent on the hormone melatonin, which is sensitive to light exposure. Using a smartphone before sleep time and excessive of gadget usage will make screen light suppress the secretion of melatonin in the bloodstream and disrupt sleep rhythm. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the relationship of gadget use and sleep quality among university students. Methodology: This study use a cross-sectional approach among students at university. Forty students selected through purposive sampling. Gadget use intensity was measured using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire Cronbach's alpha equals zero point seven eight nine, while sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI with Cronbach's alpha equals zero point seven six six. Spearman's rank correlation test was performed with a siginificance level of zero point zero five. Findings: Respondents exhibited high gadget use intensity ninety point zero percent, n equals thirty-six and poor sleep quality eighty-five point zero percent, n equals thirty-four. Spearman's rank correlation showed no statistically significant relationship between gadget use intensity and sleep quality with p value zero point three eight nine. Research Implications: These findings suggest that while high gadget usage is prevalent among undergraduate students, sleep quality is a complex outcome influenced by broader lifestyle, academic, and psychosocial variables beyond screen time duration alone. Practical Implications: Higher education institutions and healthcare providers can utilize these findings to develop counseling and guidance programs regarding healthy gadget use and sleep habits for students. Originality/Value: This study provides empirical insights into gadget use intensity and sleep quality among Indonesian university students, with sleep quality assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI.

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2026-10-20T04:51:25+00:00

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