Hubungan Kadar Hba1c Dengan Nilai Laju Endap Darah Pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Berdasarkan Status Hipertensi

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease often accompanied by hypertension and micro-macrovascular complications. Poor glycemic control, reflected by HbA1c levels, can increase systemic inflammation, as indicated by the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and other inflammatory markers, thereby exacerbating the risk of complications. This review aims to examine the relationship between HbA1c levels and ESR in patients with T2DM, including the influence of hypertension status, and its implications for complication prevention. Literature related to T2DM, HbA1c, ESR, inflammation, hypertension, and diabetic complications was reviewed through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and national repositories. The studies analyzed included observational analytical, prospective cohort, cross-sectional, and nutritional intervention and supplementation studies in patients with T2DM. The results indicate that high HbA1c levels are significantly associated with increased ESR and other inflammatory markers, which impact the progression of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, diabetic ulcers, and cardiovascular risk. Hypertension as a comorbidity worsens the inflammatory profile. Nutritional interventions, lifestyle, weight control, and certain supplementation have been shown to help reduce HbA1c and inflammation. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between HbA1c levels and ESR in patients with T2DM, especially when analyzed by hypertension status. Routine monitoring of HbA1c and ESR, along with management of hypertension and lifestyle factors, can help identify high-risk patients and prevent long-term complications.