Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemerataan Dan Retensi Tenaga Kesehatan di Daerah Prioritas Untuk Kinerja Layanan Primer: Literature review

Abstract

the performance of primary health care services, particularly in priority areas. The limited number of health workers, their uneven distribution, and high turnover rates all impact the quality of care. This study aims to analyze policies regarding the equitable distribution and retention of healthcare workers, as well as to identify factors influencing retention and their implications for primary care performance. The method used is a literature review, examining 10 articles sourced from Google Scholar, GARUDA, and PubMed based on inclusion criteria for the past five years (2022–2026). The findings indicate that existing policies have not been optimally implemented, particularly regarding central-local coordination and program sustainability. Factors significantly influencing retention include compensation, career development, work environment, leadership, reward systems, job security, and availability of facilities. Additionally, the current fragmented policy approach poses a barrier to achieving sustainable retention. In conclusion, more comprehensive, integrated, and region-specific policies are needed, along with strengthened cross-sectoral collaboration to improve the equitable distribution and retention of health workers in support of optimizing primary health care services.