Tinjauan Naratif: Kadar Serum Vitamin D dan Hubungannya dengan Ketidakteraturan Siklus Menstruasi pada Wanita Usia Reproduktif

Abstract

Menstrual cycle irregularities are common among women of reproductive age and may be influenced by lifestyle, hormonal, and nutritional factors, including vitamin D status. In recent years, vitamin D deficiency has remained a global public health concern, affecting a significant proportion of women. This condition has been suggested as a potential contributor to  menstrual disturbances due to the important role of vitamin D in hormonal regulation, calcium homeostasis, and reproductive function. Additionally, inadequate sun exposure and poor dietary intake may further exacerbate vitamin D deficiency. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and menstrual cycle irregularities in women of reproductive age. The literature search was conducted using publications from the last ten years (2016–2026) obtained from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed (NCBI), and ScienceDirect. The included articles were selected from reputable journals indexed in databases such as PubMed and nationally accredited journals (SINTA), ensuring the credibility and quality of the sources. The keywords used were “vitamin  D”,  “menstrual  cycle”,  “irregular  menstruation”,  “vitamin  D  deficiency”,  and  “reproductive hormones”. Articles were included if they involved human subjects, focused on women of reproductive age, investigated serum vitamin D levels in relation to the menstrual cycle, were published in English, and were available in full text. The reviewed studies indicate that vitamin D plays a role in modulating reproductive hormones,  particularly  luteinizing  hormone  (LH),  which  may  influence  ovulation  and  menstrual  cycle regularity. Low vitamin D levels are associated with hormonal imbalance that may contribute to irregular menstrual cycles. Overall, the findings suggest a significant association between serum vitamin D levels and menstrual cycle irregularities. Further studies are needed to confirm these relationships and to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D interventions in improving menstrual regularity and reproductive health.