Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Risiko Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Sumaja Makmur Kabupaten Muara Enim Tahun 2025

Abstrak

Anemia in pregnancy remains a significant public health problem due to its serious impact on both mother and fetus, including increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, hemorrhage, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality. In Indonesia, particularly in South Sumatra and the working area of Sumaja Makmur Public Health Center, Muara Enim Regency, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women is still relatively high, highlighting the need to identify contributing risk factors. High parity may increase the risk of anemia due to repeated pregnancies and childbirth that deplete maternal iron stores without adequate recovery time. Non-adherence to iron (Fe) tablet consumption also contributes to anemia, as iron requirements increase during pregnancy to support fetal growth and expanded maternal blood volume. In addition, family income influences nutritional intake and access to health services. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parity, adherence to iron tablet consumption, and family income with the incidence of anemia among pregnant women. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 50 pregnant women selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test at a 95 percent significance level. The results showed significant relationships between parity and anemia (p=0.005), adherence to iron tablet consumption and anemia (p=0.001), and family income and anemia (p=0.012). In conclusion, parity, adherence to iron tablet consumption, and family income are significantly associated with anemia among pregnant women. Strengthening nutritional education, monitoring iron tablet adherence, and addressing socioeconomic conditions are recommended to prevent anemia in pregnancy.